----- Forwarded by Femi Kupoluyi/EG/MENA/TCCC on 29-05-10 08:43 AM -----
| From: | "Adele" <adeleotito@yahoo.com> |
| To: | Ekitipanupo@yahoogroups.com, "Ekiti peoples voice Ekiti peoples voice" <ekitipeoplesvoice@yahoogroups.com>, "EkitiPAG" <ekitipag@yahoogroups.com> |
| Date: | 27-05-10 11:37 PM |
| Subject: | Re: [EKITIPANUPO] Electricity Transmission in Five Minutes - and Nigeria's Power Sector Summary Information |
Yes o. It has been Ekiti juju that improvised PHCN to the extent cables would not transmit electricity. O! Yes! My juju is working in Nigeria.
I'm ready to export it to Ghana and America. Except you all beg me or bribe me with trillions of dollar not Naira o.
Send the bribe to my personal account. Note it would not accept any amount less than N1 billion per transaction.
I'm waiting
Ire o
Adele
Sent from my BlackBerry wireless device. Adele And Associates (Tax Practitioners and Consultants) 0802 305 2676
From: Mobolaji ALUKO <alukome@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 27 May 2010 17:14:35 -0400
To: ekiti ekitigroups<ekitipanupo@yahoogroups.com>; Ekiti peoples voice Ekiti peoples voice<ekitipeoplesvoice@yahoogroups.com>; EkitiPAG<ekitipag@yahoogroups.com>
Subject: [EKITIPANUPO] Electricity Transmission in Five Minutes - and Nigeria's Power Sector Summary Information
Dear Ekitikete:
I want us to be minimally informed about electricity matters, so that we can ask the right questions on it, so I have provided some quick information below.
This is to counter all this KV/KVA confusion, and "juju" on a cable of Bolanle Bruce & co.! For example, is it Ekiti juju that has prevented Nigeria from generating the required amount of electricity all of these years?
Mba nu!
And this 132KV/33 KV substation being commissioned - we still need to be told its power rating, so that we can actually know what additional power is POTENTIALLY available to Ekiti State as a result; "potential" because power still has to GET to the substation!
Bolaji Aluko
Shaking his head
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References:
http://www.answers.com/topic/electric-power-transmission
Grid input
At the generating plants the energy is produced at a relatively low voltage between about 2.3 kV and 30 kV, depending on the size of the unit. The generator terminal voltage is then stepped up by the power station transformer to a higher voltage (115 kV to 765 kV AC, varying by country) for transmission over long distances.
Transmission
An electric power transmission system interconnects generators (where the electricity is produced) and loads (where the electricity is used) and generally provides multiple paths among them.Most transmission lines operate with three-phase alternating current (ac), with the standard frequency being 60 Hz in North America; in Europe, 50 Hz. The three-phase system has three sets of phase conductors. Long-distance energy transmission (typically greater than 400 miles, or 600 km) occasionally uses high-voltage direct-current (dc) HVDC lines; for undersea cables (typically longer than 30 miles, or 50 km); or for connecting two AC networks that are not synchronized.
The electric power system can be divided into the distribution, subtransmission, and transmission systems. Electricity is transmitted at high voltages (110 kV or above) to reduce the energy lost in long distance transmission. Transmission-level voltages are usually considered to be 110 kV and above. Lower voltages such as 66 kV and 33 kV are usually considered sub-transmission voltages but are occasionally used on long lines with light loads. Voltages less than 33 kV are usually used for distribution. Voltages above 230 kV are considered extra high voltage and require different designs compared to equipment used at lower voltages.
With operating voltages less than 34.5 kV, the distribution system carries energy from the local substation to individual households, using both overhead and underground lines. With operating voltages of 69-138 kV, the subtransmission system distributes energy within an entire district and regularly uses overhead lines. With operating voltage exceeding 230 kV, the transmission system interconnects generating stations and large substations located close to load centers by using overhead lines.
The power that an overhead line can transport is limited by the line's electrical parameters. Voltage drop is the most important factor for distribution lines; where the line is supplied from only one end, the permitted voltage drop is about 5%.
Underground cables are divided into two categories: distribution cables (less than 69 kV) and high-voltage power-transmission cables (69–500 kV).
Transmission grid exit
At the substations, transformers reduce the voltage to a lower level for distribution to commercial and residential users. This distribution is accomplished with a combination of sub-transmission (33 kV to 115 kV) and distribution (3.3 to 25 kV). Finally, at the point of use, the energy is transformed to low voltage (varying by country and customer requirements
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TABLE 1: NIGERIA POWER SECTOR SUMMARY INFORMATION
Compiled by NigerianMuse.com from various official documents (Bolaji Aluko)
| S/N | ITEM | INFORMATION | COMMENT |
| 1 | Number of PHCN Power Stations | 11 | 7,122.6 MW (Megawatts) Sapele, Delta I-IV, Egbin, Shiroro, Jebba, Kainji, Afam I-V, Ijora, Geregu, Omotosho, Olorunshogo (Papalanto)
[PHCN – Power Holding Corporation of Nigeria] |
| 2 | Number of Existing IPP Power Stations | 3 | 841.5 MW AES-Egbin, AGIP-Okpai, Omoku
[IPP – Independent Power Project] |
| 3 | Total installed generation capacity | 7964.1 MW | 7,964.1 MW |
| 4 | On-Going NIPP Power Stations | 10 | Geregu (Kogi), Omotosho (Ondo), Olorunshogo (Papalanto, Ogun), Alaoji (Imo), Ihovbor (Delta), Egbema (Imo), Calabar (Cross River), Sapele (Delta), Gbarain (Bayelsa), Omoku (Rivers)
[NIPP – National Integrated Power Projects] |
| 5 | Current generation capability | 3019.2MW | |
| 6 | National per capita generation | 0.0508KW | Actual: 0.025KW |
| 7 | Current estimated national demand | 8,000MW | |
| 8 | Number of transmission companies (Transcoes) | 1 | TCN – Transmission Company of Nigeria |
| 9 | Transmission line distance | 4889.2KM of 330KV 6319.33KM of 132KV 62.50KM of 66KV | KM – kilometers KV – kilovolts |
| 10 | Transmission substations | (i)21# of 330/132KV (ii) 99# of 132/33/11KV | (i) Total capacity: 6098MVA
(ii) Total capacity: 810.50MVA
[MVA – MegaVolt-Amperes] [1 VA times power factor – 1 Watt] [Power factor typically 0.6 – 0.8] |
| 11 | Number of Distribution companies (Discoes) | 11 | Abuja, Benin, Eko, Enugu, Ibadan, Ikeja, Jos, Kaduna, Kano, Port Harcourt, Yola |
| 12 | Average gas demand of existing thermal stations | 1,800mmscfd | SCFD – Standard cubic feet per day; mmscfd stands for million SCFD 1 mmscfd of gas gives roughly 3MW for thermal gas stations
|
| 13 | Gas supply to existing stations | 500mmscfd | |
| 14 | PHCN capital budget proposal 1999-2007 | N740 billion | |
| 15 | PHCN capital budget approved/released 1999-2007 | N271 billion | Funding shortfall of N469 billion for 1999-2007 |
| 16 | Short term funding requirement | N386.498 billion | |
| 17 | Medium term plan funding requirement | N2,027.78 billion | |
| 18 | Long term plan requirement | N9,808.93 billion | |
| 19 | Sector Agencies | NERC, REA, PHCN, ECN | http://www.nercng.org , http://www.reang.org/ http://phcnonline.com/, http://www.phcnikejazone.org/about_us.html See: http://power.cpcstrans.com/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1 |
| 20 | Governing law | Electric Power Sector Reform (EPSR) Act 2005 | http://www.fmp.gov.ng/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=23&Itemid=115 |
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